Section 2 of Preface: The Fulfillment of the Prophecy of Daniel and World Events Near the Time of the Writing of The Revelation:

In Section 1 of the preface, we looked at two prophecies in the Old Testament...how they used physical things (such as a statue or animals/beasts) to represent or to depict things such as kingdoms or empires.  Oftentimes in Biblical prophesy, you see animals, things, and even numbers given as word pictures.

We also saw in Section 1 of this preface, that Daniel prophesied of the kingdoms/ empires that would arise following the Babylonian Empire (the Babylonians were the ones who destroyed Jerusalem in ~586 B.C. and took Daniel and thousands of other Jews captive).

During the time of Daniel, the Babylonians were defeated by the Medes & Persians.  Alexander the Great (kingdom of Greece) defeated the Medo-Persian Empire in ~336 B.C.  Let's now look at the kingdom that would arise after the Greeks:

Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod* the king, behold, magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem, saying, ² "Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we saw His star in the east, and have come to worship Him."  Matthew 2:1-2 (NAS)

* According to Halley's Bible Handbook, "At the beginning of the period of Roman rule, Jerusalem experienced great expansion, construction and beautification under the leadership of the Roman client-king Herod the Great (37 B.C. to 4 B.C.).

Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod** was tetrarch⁽¹⁾ of Galilee, and his brother Philip*** was tetrarch⁽¹⁾ of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias was tetrarch of Abilene, 2 in the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zacharias, in the wilderness. Luke 3:1-2 (NAS)

⁽¹⁾Note: Tetrarch is "ruler over a 4th part of a kingdom or province in the Roman Empire."

** According to Halley's Bible Handbook, "Herod Antipas...Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea (4 B.C. to A.D. 39)."

***According to Halley's Bible Handbook, "Herod Phillip II was tetrarch of the region of Iturea and Taconitis (4 B.C. to A.D. 34)."

And wishing to satisfy the multitude, Pilate**** released Barabbas for them, and after having Jesus scourged, he delivered Him to be crucified. 16 And the soldiers took Him away into the palace (that is, the Praetorium), and they called together the whole Roman cohort. Mark 15:15-16 (NAS)

**** According to Halley's Bible Handbook, "Pontius Pilate was the Roman governor of Judea from A.D. 26 to A.D. 37."

Question:

According to the scriptures above, which kingdom or empire was in place at the time Jesus was born, and also at the time of Jesus' death and resurrection?